Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1985b). The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109-134.

Rose, E.A., Markland, D., & Parfitt, G. (2001). The development and initial validation of the Exercise Causality Orientations Scale. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 445-462. abstract full text (pdf) For personal use only

Rose, E.A., Parfitt, G. & Williams, S. (2005). Exercise causality orientations, behavioural regulation for exercise and stage of change for exercise: exploring their relationships. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 399-414. abstract full text (pdf) For personal use only

Koestner, R. & Zuckerman, M. (1994). Causality orientations, failure and achievement. Journal of Personality, 62, 321-346.